2014-2015 Undergraduate Catalog 
    
    Mar 29, 2024  
2014-2015 Undergraduate Catalog [ARCHIVED CATALOG]

Course Descriptions


Course descriptions are arranged alphabetically by the course prefix codes as listed below. For the purpose of brevity, course descriptions do not follow traditional rules of grammar and may consist of sentence fragments. 

 

Hotel and Tourism Management

  
  • HTMG 4456 - Special Topics


    Special studies of a variety of current topics and specialized areas in the field not available as part of the regular curriculum. 3 credits
  
  • HTMG 4457 - Special Topics


    Special studies of a variety of current topics and specialized areas in the field not available as part of the regular curriculum. 3 credits
  
  • HTMG 4458 - Special Topics


    Special studies of a variety of current topics and specialized areas in the field not available as part of the regular curriculum. 3 credits
  
  • HTMG 4459 - Special Topics


    Special studies of a variety of current topics and specialized areas in the field not available as part of the regular curriculum. 3 credits
  
  • HTMG 4480 - Resort Operations and Property Management - Capstone II


    Prerequisites: senior standing, HTMG 4420  This course incorporates the study of business development. The course will cover all stages of hospitality business operations with emphasis on strategic planning, design of systems, models, and problem analyses. Students will develop operational plans for hotel/resort properties developed in HTMG 4420 . This course combines all areas of executive management in hospitality and tourism. The course examines the hospitality and tourism organization as a total system and is designed to be a capstone course for HTM seniors, drawing upon knowledge gained in the various prerequisite courses. Students are required to perform real-life events and activities that utilize their knowledge and enhance their future roles as managers. Laboratory fee. 3 credits
  
  • HTMG 4593 - Honors Thesis: Hospitality and Tourism


    Students in this course will complete their Honors Thesis in consultation with their Honors Thesis advisor. 3.00 credits
  
  • HTMG 4598 - Internship


    Prerequisites: HTMG 3303  and consent of instructor. Interns are required to complete 600 hours of internship experience in conjunction with the designated internship coordinator. The internship experience will emphasize supervisory responsibilities whenever possible. This experience will be formulated by the faculty, the designated coordinator, the student, and an industry professional, a cooperative effort that helps to ensure the student's success. The internship will be augmented by written and oral reports, industry performance evaluations, and faculty oversight. 3 credits
  
  • HTMG 4599 - Independent Study


    Prerequisite: permission of the department coordinator. Independent research projects or other approved phases of independent study. 3 credits

Humanities

  
  • HUMN 3300 - Nature of Science


    Prerequisites: ENGL 1110 , HIST 1102 , a laboratory science course, and a social science course. Investigates science as a human activity, as a social institution, and as an instrument for acquiring and using knowledge. The nature of scientific knowledge, the organization of scientific activity, and the interaction of science with technology and culture. A course about science and the process of generating new knowledge. 3 credits
  
  • HUMN 3301 - Engineering and Society (Honors)


    Prerequisites: ENGL 1110 , HIST 1102 , a laboratory science course, and a social science course. This course investigates relationships between engineering and society by focusing on the environment. Topics will include the nature of scientific knowledge, the organization of scientific activity, the interaction of science with technology and culture, and the process of acquiring and using new knowledge. 3 credits
  
  • HUMN 4450 - Special Topics


    Special topics of selected or current interest in the study of humanities. 3 credits
  
  • HUMN 4451 - Special Topics


    Special topics of selected or current interest in the study of humanities. 3 credits
  
  • HUMN 4452 - Special Topics


    Special topics of selected or current interest in the study of humanities. 3 credits
  
  • HUMN 4453 - Special Topics


    Special topics of selected or current interest in the study of humanities. 3 credits
  
  • HUMN 4454 - Special Topics


    Special topics of selected or current interest in the study of humanities. 3 credits
  
  • HUMN 4455 - Special Topics


    Special topics of selected or current interest in the study of humanities. 3 credits
  
  • HUMN 4456 - Special Topics


    Special topics of selected or current interest in the study of humanities. 3 credits
  
  • HUMN 4457 - Special Topics


    Special topics of selected or current interest in the study of humanities. 3 credits
  
  • HUMN 4458 - Special Topics


    Special topics of selected or current interest in the study of humanities. 3 credits
  
  • HUMN 4459 - Special Topics


    Special topics of selected or current interest in the study of humanities. 3 credits

International Business

  
  • INTB 4421 - Multinational Corporation


    Prerequisites: ECON 2200 , FINC 2213  and MGMT 2210 . Specific problems encountered by multinational firms. Topics include investment decisions, environmental scanning, planning and control, and the social responsibilities of firms in host nations. 3 credits
  
  • INTB 4422 - Intl Business Negotiations


    Prerequisites: ECON 2200 , MGMT 2210  An anlysis of the various stages involved in the international business negotiating process, beginning with planning and ending with post-contract adjustments. A survey and evaluation oof the various primary and secondary sources negotiators can go to for information needed in the negotiating process. 3 credits
  
  • INTB 4450 - Special Topics


    Prerequisites: ECON 2200  and junior-level standing required unless otherwise specified in course schedule description. Selected topics of special or current interest in the study of international business. 3 credits
  
  • INTB 4451 - Special Topics


    Prerequisites: ECON 2200  and junior-level standing required unless otherwise specified in course schedule description. Selected topics of special or current interest in the study of international business. 3 credits
  
  • INTB 4452 - Special Topics


    Prerequisites: ECON 2200  and junior-level standing required unless otherwise specified in course schedule description. Selected topics of special or current interest in the study of international business. 3 credits
  
  • INTB 4453 - Special Topics


    Prerequisites: ECON 2200  and junior-level standing required unless otherwise specified in course schedule description. Selected topics of special or current interest in the study of international business. 3 credits
  
  • INTB 4454 - Special Topics


    Prerequisites: ECON 2200  and junior-level standing required unless otherwise specified in course schedule description. Selected topics of special or current interest in the study of international business. 3 credits
  
  • INTB 4455 - Special Topics


    Prerequisites: ECON 2200  and junior-level standing required unless otherwise specified in course schedule description. Selected topics of special or current interest in the study of international business. 3 credits
  
  • INTB 4456 - Special Topics


    Prerequisites: ECON 2200  and junior-level standing required unless otherwise specified in course schedule description. Selected topics of special or current interest in the study of international business. 3 credits
  
  • INTB 4457 - Special Topics


    Prerequisites: ECON 2200  and junior-level standing required unless otherwise specified in course schedule description. Selected topics of special or current interest in the study of international business. 3 credits
  
  • INTB 4458 - Special Topics


    Prerequisites: ECON 2200  and junior-level standing required unless otherwise specified in course schedule description. Selected topics of special or current interest in the study of international business. 3 credits
  
  • INTB 4459 - Special Topics


    Prerequisites: ECON 2200  and junior-level standing required unless otherwise specified in course schedule description. Selected topics of special or current interest in the study of international business. 3 credits
  
  • INTB 4549 - Global Business Strategy


    Prerequisite: MKTG 4413  Identification and relation of the elements involved in the dynamics of a company and its international environment through case analysis. This is a capstone course in international business. 3 credits
  
  • INTB 4598 - Internship


    Prerequisite: ECON 2200  Supervised field experience for qualified students in areas related to their major. 3 credits
  
  • INTB 4599 - Independent Study


    Prerequisite: ECON 2200  A planned program of individual study under the supervision of a member of the faculty. 3 credits

Interior Design

  
  • INTD 1101 - Architectural Drawing


    This course is an introduction to architectural drawing with an emphasis on orthographic and paraline drawing using mechanical drawing tools. Skills in lettering, line weights, dimensioning, drawing symbols, and drawing formatting will be developed. Laboratory fee. 3 credits
  
  • INTD 1106 - Visual Communication for Interior Design


    Prerequisites: ARTS 1100  , INTD 1101  or consent of the instructor. This course explores visual communication skills and color systems as they relate to designed environments. The student is introduced to hand and digital design visualization and presentation methods. Laboratory fee. 3 credits
  
  • INTD 1108 - Environmental Design Studio


    Prerequisites: ARTS, INTD 1101  or consent of the instructor. This introductory studio course explores the design elements and principles as they apply to space and form. Students explore two- and three-dimensional design fundamentals, ideation, concept development, and interior design theory and its application. Students will utilize fundamental design communication methods including drawing and modeling to convey their concepts. Laboratory fee. 3 credits
  
  • INTD 2209 - History of Architecture and Interior Design I


    This course provides a comprehensive overview of the history of design in architecture, interior design, furniture, and the decorative arts from antiquity through the 18th century. Emphasis is placed on historical, cultural, and contextual influences and their impact on current design issues. 3 credits
  
  • INTD 2210 - History of Architecture and Interior Design II


    Prerequisite: INTD 2209   This course provides a comprehensive overview of the history of design in architecture, interior design, furniture, and the decorative arts from the Industrial Revolution to the present. Emphasis is placed on historical, cultural, and contextual influences and their impact on contemporary design issues. 3 credits
  
  • INTD 2211 - Interior Design Studio I


    Prerequisites:INTD 1106  , INTD 1108  , each with a grade of C or better. This beginning studio course is focused on creative thinking and design problem solving. Interior design theory and concept development are integrated into the design process. Emphasis is placed on human behavior, dimensions, and proxemics in the context of a project that explores socio-economic issues and cultural contexts. Laboratory fee. 3 credits
  
  • INTD 2212 - Interior Design Studio II


    Prerequisite: INTD 2211 , INTD 2215  , each with a grade of C or better. This beginning studio course is focused on programming and space planning in the context of specialized populations within healthcare environments. Emphasis is placed on two- and three-dimensional approaches to organizational and spatial problem solving and presentation methods. Laboratory fee. 3 credits
  
  • INTD 2213 - Architectural Drawing III


    Prerequisite: INTD 1110  An advanced course in two-point and multi-point perspective drawing of interior and exterior spaces, furniture, and related objects utilizing a variety of scales. Drawings will include sketched concepts, orthographic evaluations, and representations with multiple perspective point views for each project. Laboratory fee. 3 credits
  
  • INTD 2215 - Construction Documents


    Prerequisite: INTD 1101  or consent of the instructor. This course provides an overview of the preparation, development, and production of construction drawings and documents. Emphasis is placed on drafting a coordinated set of working drawings and construction and finish details. Laboratory fee. 3 credits
  
  • INTD 2219 - Interior Materials and Specifications


    Prerequisite:INTD 1101  or consent of the instructor. This course provides a comprehensive overview of interior products, materials, and finishes. The specification, composition, construction, application, installation methods, and maintenance of materials are explored. Performance criteria including ergonomics, life safety, environmental attributes, and life cycle costs are covered. Laboratory fee, 3 credits
  
  • INTD 2220 - Furniture Design and Specifications


    Prerequisite:INTD 2215  or consent of the instructor. This course provides an in-depth study of the design, detailing, fabrication, construction, specification, and installation of interior architectural millwork, case goods, and custom furniture. The relationship between the designer and the manufacturer will be explored. Laboratory fee. 3 credits
  
  • INTD 2221 - Lab INTD 2211


    Required laboratory to be taken concurrently with INTD 2211 . 0 credit hours. 0 credits
  
  • INTD 2222 - Lighting Design and Specifications


    Prerequisite: INTD 2211 , INTD 2215  or consent of the instructor This course surveys the use of lighting, both natural and artificial, as a design element in the interior environment. The impacts of perception, psychology, brightness, daylight, and color on lighting design are explored. Electricity and electrical distribution systems, luminaires, lighting sources, auxiliary equipment, light control, photometrics, and energy efficiency are covered in detail. 3 credits
  
  • INTD 2225 - Lab INTD 2215


    Required laboratory to be taken concurrently with INTD 2215 . 0 credits
  
  • INTD 2226 - Lab INTD 2216


    Required laboratory to be taken concurrently with INTD 2216 . 0 credits
  
  • INTD 3300 - Interior Design Internship Preparation


    Prerequisite: Junior standing in interior design or permission of the instructor. This internship preparatory course is for students seeking an internship within interior design and allied fields. Emphasis is placed on developing decision-making skills through self-exploration, self-assessment, and strategic planning. Workplace cultures and teamwork structures are explored. Career search, networking, and documentation skills are developed. Laboratory fee. 1 Credit.
  
  • INTD 3311 - Interior Design Studio III


    Prerequisites: INTD 2212 INTD 2220  , with a grade of C or better. This intermediate studio course focuses on the principles of universal design as a sustainable design approach for interior living environments. Emphasis is placed on housing trends and design solutions within the context of residential, assisted care or alternative living environments. Laboratory fee. 3 credits
  
  • INTD 3312 - Interior Design Studio IV


    Prerequisites: INTD 3311  and INTD 3313 , INTD 3319  each with a grade of C or better. This intermediate studio course is focused on human factors in the built environment. Emphasis is placed on the principles of lighting, acoustics, thermal comfort, and indoor air quality to enhance the health, safety, welfare, and performance of the occupants in the context of a large-scale commercial project. Laboratory fee. 3 credits
  
  • INTD 3313 - AutoCAD Architecture


    Prerequisites: INTD 2215  or consent of the instructor This course introduces students to the use of AutoCAD as a design drawing and drafting tool for the development of floor plans, demolition and new construction plans, reflected ceiling plans, electrical plans, wall elevations, finish schedules, and type text/notes. Laboratory fee. 3 credits
  
  • INTD 3314 - Revit Architecture


    Prerequisite: INTD 3313  or consent of the instructor This course introduces Revit as a digital modeling, (BIM) building information modeling, and rendering tool for the development of residential and commercial projects. The students learn how to interact with the Revit platform as a building design and documentation system that supports the design process, documentation, construction, and testing of a building. Laboratory fee. 3 credits
  
  • INTD 3319 - Building Systems for Interior Design


    Prerequisites: INTD 2219   or consent of the instructor This course provides a comprehensive overview of interior construction, building systems, environmental systems, and controls. Structural and non-structural systems, distribution systems, plumbing, energy, fire protection, security, and building controls systems are explored. The principles of lighting, acoustics, thermal comfort, and indoor air quality and their impact on building occupants are introduced with a focus on sustainable practices. Laboratory fee. 3 credits
  
  • INTD 3321 - Lab INTD 3311


    Required laboratory to be taken concurrently with INTD 3311 . 0 credit hours. 0 credits
  
  • INTD 3324 - Building Codes for Interior Design


    Prerequisite: INTD 3319  or consent of instructor. This course provides an overview of the laws, codes, standards, and guidelines that impact the built environment, insuring the healthy, safety, and welfare of the public. Emphasis is placed on fire and life safety, accessibility, and sustainability.
  
  • INTD 4400 - Portfolio Design and Production


    Prerequisite: INTD 3312   or consent of the instructor. Prerequisite: INTD 3312 or consent of the instructor. This course provides the opportunity for interior design students to develop a professional portfolio package. Emphasis is placed on developing a clear graphic identity and composing a strong body of work using a wide range of media. The course culminates with a senior portfolio exhibition. Laboratory fee. 3 credits
  
  • INTD 4411 - Interior Design Studio V


    Prerequisites: INTD 3312  and INTD 3314  each with a grade of C or better. This advanced studio course is focused on design thinking and innovation. Emphasis is placed on global issues and cultures, evidence-based research and design, interdisciplinary collaboration, and complex programming in the context of a large-scale educational and/or institutional facility. Laboratory fee. 3 credits
  
  • INTD 4412 - Interior Design Studio VI


    Prerequisite: INTD 4411  with a grade of C or better. This advanced studio course is focused on environmental and social sustainability. Emphasis is placed on sustainable communities, building practices, systems and materials selection using the LEED rating system as the organizing structure in the context of large-scale adaptive reuse, historic preservation, or new construction. Laboratory fee. 3 credits
  
  • INTD 4414 - Professional Practices for Interior Designers


    Prerequisite: INTD 3312  or consent of the instructor This course provides an understanding of the profession of interior design and accepted standards of practice for the interior design professional. Emphasis is placed on practice typologies, elements of business practice, project management, and contemporary issues impacting the interior design profession. Laboratory fee. 3 credits
  
  • INTD 4450 - Special Topics


    Selected topics of special or current interest in interior design. 3 credits
  
  • INTD 4451 - Special Topics


    Selected topics of special or current interest in interior design. 3 credits
  
  • INTD 4452 - Special Topics


    Selected topics of special or current interest in interior design. 3 credits
  
  • INTD 4453 - Special Topics


    Selected topics of special or current interest in interior design. 3 credits
  
  • INTD 4454 - Special Topics


    Selected topics of special or current interest in interior design. 3 credits
  
  • INTD 4455 - Special Topics


    Selected topics of special or current interest in interior design. 3 credits
  
  • INTD 4456 - Special Topics


    Selected topics of special or current interest in interior design. 3 credits
  
  • INTD 4457 - Special Topics


    Selected topics of special or current interest in interior design. 3 credits
  
  • INTD 4458 - Special Topics


    Selected topics of special or current interest in interior design. 3 credits
  
  • INTD 4459 - Special Topics


    Selected topics of special or current interest in interior design. 3 credits
  
  • INTD 4593 - Honors Thesis: Interior Design


    Students in this course will complete their Honors Thesis in consultation with their Honors Thesis advisor. 3.00 credits
  
  • INTD 4598 - Internship for Interior Design & Allied Fields


    Prerequisite:INTD 3300  , INTD 3312  , INTD 3314  or consent of the instructor. This course applies the principles of best practices for experiential education to the internship field experience. Students acquire new knowledge and skills through observation and participation at an interior design firm, architectural firm, or other allied business. This course meets the UNH Experiential Education graduation requirement. 3 credit hours (135 internship contact hours). 3 credits
  
  • INTD 4599 - Independent Study


    Prerequisite: Consent of the instructor and department chair. Under the direction of a faculty member and outside mentor, the student will initiate the development of a research and design project. The purpose of electing to take an independent study is to further an area of special interest or to prepare for graduate school. (135 documented project hours). 3 credits

Industrial Engineering

  
  • INDE 2204 - Engineering Economics


    Prerequisites: MATH 1117 , and CSCI 1107  or equivalent. A quantitative analysis of applied economics in engineering design; the economy study for comparing alternatives; interest formulae; quantitative methods of comparing alternatives; intangible considerations; selection and replacement economy for machines and structures; break-even and minimum cost points; depreciation; effect of income taxes on the economy study; review of current industrial practices. Promotes logical decisions through the consideration of alternative courses of action. 3 credits
  
  • INDE 2243 - Work Design


    Prerequisite: sophomore status. Introductory course in the design and evaluation of efficient work methods and working environments. Techniques useful in problem definition, design of alternative work methods, and evaluation of alternative designs, including process charting, operation analysis, and principles of motion economy. Emphasis placed on human factors and safety implications of alternative work method designs. Equitable time standards are developed for work method designs through the use of time study procedures including stopwatch time study, computerized predetermined-time systems, and work sampling. 3 credits
  
  • INDE 3302 - Ergonomics


    Prerequisite: junior standing. Covers basic terminology and application of ergonomic principles to the workplace. Topics include repetetive motion injuries, cumulative trauma disorders, carpal tunnel syndrome, anthropometry, human error analysis, channel capacity, reaction time, human-machine interaction, and current ergonomics news and applications. 3 credits
  
  • INDE 3303 - Cost Control


    Prerequisites: junior status and MATH 1118  Basic analysis of cost control techniques. Designed to give members of the management team the underlying rudiments of cost estimating and control systems. Theory of standard costs, flexible budgeting, and overhead handling techniques emphasized by analytical problem solution. Life-cycle costing. Value engineering. 3 credits
  
  • INDE 3304 - Production Control


    Prerequisites: INDE 2243  and MATH 1118 . The basic principles that govern the design of production control systems in an industrial plant. The principles used in solving problems of procuring and controlling materials, in planning, routing, scheduling, and dispatching, are considered. Familiarizes the student with existing and new methods used in this field including MRP, JIT, computer-aided process planning, and group technology. 3 credits
  
  • INDE 3311 - Quality Assurance


    Prerequisite: junior status. Quality considerations in product design and manufacturing; product inspection and process control; total quality management principles as applied to process design, control, and improvement; product safety and liability issues. 3 credits
  
  • INDE 3344 - Human Factors Engineering


    Prerequisite: SYST 3347  or equivalent Prerequisite: IE 347. Covers psychological and physiological aspects of people at work, including work physiology, information processing, motor skills and movement control, signal detection theory, and anthropometry with the aim of improvements in workplace design. 3 credit hours. 3 credits
  
  • INDE 3348 - Manufacturing Processes


    Corequisite: INDE 3304  Provides a basic understanding of manufacturing processes as applied to conventional manufacturing. Properties of material; machining fundamentals; tool geometry; surface finish; forces; material removal processes; casting, forging, and extrusion processes; measurement and inspection; process capability and quality control; ferrous and nonferrous metals; chip/type machining processes; machining economics in turning, milling, and drilling. 3 credits
  
  • INDE 4408 - Systems Analysis


    Prerequisites: senior status and SYST 3347 . Prerequisites: senior status and IE 347. Presents the analytical and conceptual techniques upon which systems analysis and development are based, as applications to business and industrial fields. Development of case studies and their application, oriented to improved designs. 3 credit hours. 3 credits
  
  • INDE 4414 - Engineering Management


    Prerequisite: senior status. Provides insight into the elements of the managerial process and develops a rational approach to the problems of managing productive processes and the engineering function. Focusing largely on complex problems of top and middle-level management, students will investigate the modern tools managers use under given circumstances, stressing the ongoing activities of management as part of an integrated, continuous process. 3 credits
  
  • INDE 4436 - Quality Control


    Prerequisite: SYST 3347  or equivalent Prerequisite: IE 347. Economics of quality control; modern methods used by industry to achieve quality of product; preventing defects; organizing for quality; locating chronic sources of trouble; coordinating specifications, manufacturing and inspection; measuring process capability; using inspection data to regulate manufacturing, processes; statistical methods, control charts, selection of modern sampling plans. 3 credits
  
  • INDE 4437 - Metrlgy Insp Mfg


    Prerequisite: INDE 4436  The study of metrology and inspection practices in manufacturing. Emphasis on the design and development of different types of gauging for inspection in manufacturing. 3 credits
  
  • INDE 4440 - Synch Mfg


    Prerequisites: INDE 2204  and INDE 3304 . Group technology in design and manufacturing; manufacturing environment, resources, products, constraints, and decisions; synchronized manufacturing operations and process improvement. 3 credits
  
  • INDE 4443 - Facilities Planning


    Prerequisites: senior IE status, and INDE 2243  and INDE 3304 . Factors in plant location, design, and layout of equipment. Techniques for obtaining information essential to the development and evaluation of alternative facility layout designs are presented with an emphasis on environmental and safety considerations. Design of departmental areas, resource allocation and flow, materials handling, storage, and the economic implications of alternative designs are discussed. Students work in small groups on the design of a manufacturing facility to produce an actual consumer product. Project culminates in both written and oral presentation of the proposed facility design. CAD techniques are used extensively in the development of the final facility layout. 3 credits
  
  • INDE 4448 - Adv Manufacturing Engr Operations


    Prerequisites: MECH 2200  and INDE 3348  A course for understanding machining economics and the basic principles of the theory of metal cutting and metal working to improve manufacturing engineering operations. Course emphasizes design and operation of better tooling for different types of manufacturing operations. Experimental investigation of metal cutting and metal working methodologies stressed. 3 credits
  
  • INDE 4450 - Special Topics


    Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Selected topics of current interest in the field of industrial engineering. 3 credits
  
  • INDE 4451 - Special Topics


    Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Selected topics of current interest in the field of industrial engineering. 3 credits
  
  • INDE 4452 - Special Topics


    Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Selected topics of current interest in the field of industrial engineering. 3 credits
  
  • INDE 4453 - Special Topics


    Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Selected topics of current interest in the field of industrial engineering. 3 credits
  
  • INDE 4454 - Special Topics


    Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Selected topics of current interest in the field of industrial engineering. 3 credits
  
  • INDE 4455 - Special Topics


    Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Selected topics of current interest in the field of industrial engineering. 3 credits
  
  • INDE 4456 - Special Topics


    Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Selected topics of current interest in the field of industrial engineering. 3 credits
  
  • INDE 4457 - Special Topics


    Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Selected topics of current interest in the field of industrial engineering. 3 credits
  
  • INDE 4458 - Special Topics


    Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Selected topics of current interest in the field of industrial engineering. 3 credits
  
  • INDE 4459 - Special Topics


    Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Selected topics of current interest in the field of industrial engineering. 3 credits
 

Page: 1 <- Back 10 ... 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 -> 20